The ulu, known in Inuktitut as ᐅᓗ (ulu), translates to “woman’s knife.” This crescent-shaped blade is traditionally used by Inuit women and is passed down through several generations. In Inuit culture, it is considered an honour to receive an ulu from an older female relative. [2]
The ulu serves various purposes, including cleaning skins, filleting fish, cutting meat for communal sharing, an eating utensil, making clothes, and a vast range of other functions. The more an ulu is used, the more frequently it needs sharpening, and the smaller it becomes. Larger ulus are used for preparing meat, while smaller ulus are used for cleaning skins, and sewing. Due to the sharpness of the ulu, they can make harsh cuts, as well as fine slicing techniques.
Traditionally made from slate and copper, modern ulu blades are typically crafted from steel, while the handles are made of wood. Ulu handles can also be made from bone, ivory, driftwood, muskox horn, or antler. [3] The size and design of both blades and handles differ across various communities. [1]
The cutting force of the blade comes from the handle, allowing women to cut directly through dense layers of fat, muscle, and bone in a swift fashion. The handle of the ulu can feature intricate engravings unique to the woman who owns the knife. [3]
Ulukhaktok, formerly known as Holman Island, translates to “the place where ulu parts are found” referring to a large bluff that was the main mineral source, providing slate and copper used to make ulus and give the community its name. [4]
In Inuit art, the ulu appears in various forms such as sculpture, jewelry, lithographs, drawings, etchings, and textiles. It is represented in natural scenes, imaginative abstract compositions, and as a standalone symbol, celebrating its significance and role in Inuit culture. In her lithograph SELF PORTRAIT, graphic artist Pitaloosie Saila depicts herself as an ulu, symbolizing her strength, and femininity intertwined with the traditional knife. Consequently, the ulu emerges as a symbol of identity for Inuit women across the Northern Arctic.
Despite the first ulus dating back to over 4,500 years ago [2], their significant presence in Inuit culture remains relevant, serving both as a cultural symbol and a functional tool.
To view available artworks depicting the ulu, click here.
Sources:
- https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/ulu
- https://uwaterloo.ca/chem13-news-magazine/march-2019/feature/ulu-chemistry-and-inuit-womens-culture#:~:text=An%20ulu1%20is%20a,or%20kinesiologist%20would%20tell%20you.
- https://thediscoverblog.com/2019/02/25/the-arctic-inuit-ulu-diverse-strong-spiritual/
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulukhaktok